Java Operators – Mastering Arithmetic, Logical, and Relational Operations

Java Operators – Mastering Arithmetic, Logical, and Relational Operations

Introduction

• What are Operators in Java?
  • Explanation of operators as symbols that perform operations on variables and values.
  • Why understanding operators is crucial in Java programming.

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1. Arithmetic Operators in Java

• Overview

  • Arithmetic operators perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

• List of Arithmetic Operators

  Operator	Description	Example
  +	Addition	a + b
  -	Subtraction	a - b
  *	Multiplication	a * b
  /	Division	a / b
  %	Modulus (remainder)	a % b

• Examples:

  java
  
  int a = 10;
  int b = 3;
  
  System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));     // 13
  System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));  // 7
  System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b)); // 30
  System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));     // 3
  System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b));      // 1
  

  • Explanation: Shows the result of each arithmetic operation.

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2. Logical Operators

• Overview

  • Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions, often in decision-making (if statements).

• List of Logical Operators

  Operator	Description	Example
  &&	Logical AND	(a > b) && (a < c)
  `		`
  !	Logical NOT	!(a > b)

• Examples:

  java
  
  boolean x = true;
  boolean y = false;
  
  System.out.println("Logical AND: " + (x && y));  // false
  System.out.println("Logical OR: " + (x || y));   // true
  System.out.println("Logical NOT: " + !x);        // false
  

  • Explanation: Demonstrates how &&, ||, and ! work with Boolean values.

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3. Relational Operators

• Overview

  • Relational operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false).

• List of Relational Operators

  Operator	Description	Example
  ==	Equal to	a == b
  !=	Not equal to	a != b
  >	Greater than	a > b
  <	Less than	a < b
  >=	Greater than or equal	a >= b
  <=	Less than or equal	a <= b

• Examples:

  java
  
  int a = 5;
  int b = 3;
  
  System.out.println("Equal to: " + (a == b));       // false
  System.out.println("Not equal to: " + (a != b));   // true
  System.out.println("Greater than: " + (a > b));    // true
  System.out.println("Less than: " + (a < b));       // false
  

  • Explanation: Shows the results of comparing two numbers with each relational operator.

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4. Assignment Operators

• Overview

  • Assignment operators assign values to variables. = is the most basic, but there are compound operators for combined arithmetic and assignment.

• List of Assignment Operators

  Operator	Description	Example
  =	Simple assignment	a = 10
  +=	Add and assign	a += 5
  -=	Subtract and assign	a -= 3
  *=	Multiply and assign	a *= 2
  /=	Divide and assign	a /= 4
  %=	Modulus and assign	a %= 3

• Examples:

  java
  
  int a = 10;
  
  a += 5;  // a = a + 5; a is now 15
  a -= 3;  // a = a - 3; a is now 12
  a *= 2;  // a = a * 2; a is now 24
  a /= 4;  // a = a / 4; a is now 6
  a %= 3;  // a = a % 3; a is now 0
  

  • Explanation: Demonstrates each assignment operation, modifying a step-by-step.

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5. Ternary Operator

• Overview

  • A shorthand for if-else statements, the ternary operator allows quick condition evaluation.

• Syntax

  java
  
  variable = (condition) ? expressionIfTrue : expressionIfFalse;
  

• Example:

  java
  
  int a = 5;
  int b = 3;
  
  String result = (a > b) ? "a is greater" : "b is greater or equal";
  System.out.println(result);  // Output: a is greater
  

  • Explanation: This example evaluates the condition a > b. If true, it assigns "a is greater" to result; otherwise, it assigns "b is greater or equal".